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Regulation

Keeping Government Environmental Investigations Civil

The threat of criminal environmental prosecutions is real. Most federal and state environmental statutes provide for criminal prosecution in appropriate circumstances, often for knowing violations of environmental law, but sometimes even on a negligence or strict liability basis. Here's what you need to know.

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The threat of criminal environmental prosecutions is real. Most federal and state environmental statutes provide for criminal prosecution in appropriate circumstances, often for knowing violations of environmental law, but sometimes even on a negligence or strict liability basis. See, e.g., the Pennsylvania Solid Waste Management Act (strict liability, reckless disregard and knowing violations); the federal the Clean Air Act (CAA) and Clean Water Act (CWA) (negligence and knowing violations); and the federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) (knowing violations). The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) maintains an Office of Criminal Enforcement, which refers cases to the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) for criminal prosecution.

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