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Confronting the Forensic Facts

BY Marjorie J. Peerce
January 26, 2010

Most matters involving white-collar investigations and prosecutions do not result in trials, so evidentiary issues are not frequently discussed in articles on business crime. A new focus on evidentiary issues, however, is warranted in light of a pair of recent Supreme Court cases built upon the Sixth Amendment's Confrontation Clause. See Crawford v. Washington, 54 U.S. 36 (2004) and Melendez-Diaz v. Massachusetts, 129 S. Ct. 2527 (2009). These two cases have given criminal defense attorneys potent new weapons to challenge forensic evidence proffered by the government ' not only the potential right to confront forensic analysts, but also the potential right to demand broader and earlier discovery so that counsel is able to make full use of the right to confrontation identified by the Supreme Court.

New Law on Forensic Evidence

Melendez-Diaz extended the Sixth Amendment's Confrontation Clause into the realm of forensic evidence. Citing Crawford, the Supreme Court held that, because of the Sixth Amendment's Confrontation Clause, a witness's out-of-court statements are inadmissible at trial unless the witness appears at trial or, if the witness is unavailable, the defendant had a prior opportunity to cross-examine the witness. In Melendez-Diaz, the Supreme Court applied Crawford to police lab technicians, holding that the Confrontation Clause gives defendants the right, in certain circumstances, to confront those who conducted a forensic analysis offered against the defendant at trial.

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