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<b><i>Persona Rights on Trial</b></i> Inside the Nevada Litigation by Bob Marley's Heirs Against the Unauthorized Use of Marley's Image

By Barry E. Mallen and Paul Bost
February 28, 2011

Celebrities have often used claims of unfair competition by false association or false endorsement under '43(a) of the federal Lanham Act as a basis for recourse against the unauthorized use of aspects of their identities and personas. The potency of a celebrity association claim was recently reinforced in the U.S. District Court for the District of Nevada, where in February 2011 a jury found for Fifty-Six Hope Road Music Ltd. (composed of Bob Marley's heirs) and Zion Rootswear LLC (Hope Road's exclusive licensee for apparel) in their claims against A.V.E.L.A. Inc., its principal, Leo Valencia, and two of A.V.E.L.A.'s licensees, JEM Sportswear and Central Mills Inc. (d/b/a Freeze), for willful unfair competition under the Lanham Act and tortious interference with prospective economic advantage. Fifty-Six Hope Road Music Ltd. v. A.V.E.L.A. Inc., 2:08-CV-00105.

Lanham Act As Alternative to Right to Publicity

The jury awarded the plaintiffs $300,000 in actual damages on their interference claim. Also, District Judge Phillip Pro issued a permanent injunction. In a second phase scheduled to commence shortly, Judge Pro will decide the amount of profits earned by the defendants as result of their infringing activities that are to be disgorged in favor of the plaintiffs (an amount estimated at approximately $3 million), as well as the issue of “enhanced” damages under the Lanham Act based on the jury's finding of willful infringement. This jury verdict confirms that under certain circumstances a celebrity association claim under the Lanham Act is a powerful addition or alternative to a state right of publicity claim, including, based on the enforcement of a federal statute, the advantage of being able to obtain a nationwide injunction. The verdict also serves as a cautionary tale to indemnified licensees, namely, that they risk a finding of willful infringement if, in reliance on their right of indemnification, they turn a blind eye to whether their licensor owns the rights it purports to license.

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