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Spoliation of Evidence in Family Matters

By Bari Brandes Corbin and Evan B. Brandes
June 24, 2013

It is a well-established rule of evidence that a party's intentional destruction of written evidence relevant to proof of an issue at trial can support an inference that the evidence would have been unfavorable to the party responsible for its destruction. 2 John Henry Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law ' 291 (James H. Chadbourn rev.1979). This common law rule, which' was expanded to the area of discovery sanctions in 1994, has recently been applied in matrimonial actions, and creates a potentially perilous path for the matrimonial attorney.

Spoliation Law in New York

The traditional common law rule in New York was that the deliberate destruction of written evidence gives rise to the inference that the matter destroyed or mutilated was unfavorable to the spoliator. The presumption did not arise from the mere destruction of documents; such destruction must be intentional. In re Eno's Will, 196 AD 131(1st Dept 1921). This unfavorable presumption did not dispense with the necessity that the other party introduce some other evidence of the contents of the destroyed documents, and show that those documents were relevant to the case. Id.

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