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The Supreme Court and Same-sex Marriage

BY Frank Gulino
July 29, 2013

In late June, the U.S. Supreme Court handed down two historic decisions involving the issue of same-sex marriage. In United States v. Windsor, No. 12-307, 2013 WL 3196928 (U.S. June 26, 2013), the Court held unconstitutional section 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), which limited marriage to heterosexual unions of one man and one woman for purposes of federal law. In a 5-4 decision, the Court held that DOMA's definition of marriage was unconstitutional. In Hollingsworth v. Perry, No. 12-144, 2013 WL 3196927 (U.S. June 26, 2013), the Court held that it did not have jurisdiction to determine the constitutionality of Proposition 8, a 2008 California ballot initiative that amended that state's Constitution to define marriage as the union of a man and a woman. The ruling, also a 5-4 decision, let stand a lower court decision that had struck down Proposition 8 as unconstitutional.”

DOMA Violates Same-sex Spouses' Equal Protection Rights

In Windsor, in an opinion by Justice Anthony Kennedy, the Court held that DOMA's definition of marriage “violates basic due process and equal protection principles applicable to the Federal Government.” Id., 2013 WL 3196928, at *15. The Court went on to declare that “[t]he avowed purpose and practical effect of [DOMA] are to impose a disadvantage, a separate status, and so a stigma upon all who enter into same-sex marriages made lawful by the unquestioned authority of the States,” and that “DOMA's principal effect is to identify a subset of state-sanctioned marriages and make them unequal.” Id. at *15-*16. Holding that the law deprived the “liberty of the person” guaranteed by the Fifth Amendment to those “joined in same-sex marriages made lawful by the State[,]” the majority confined its holding to situations where same-sex partners are in marriages legal under state law. Id. at *18.

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