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Maintaining Claim Scope after Johnson & Johnston
The Supreme Court's decision in Festo has been hailed by many as being one of the most significant cases to impact the patent system. Festo Corp. v. Shoektsu Kinzoku Kogyo Kabushiki Co., Ltd., 122 S.Ct. 1831 (2002). Some say that more significant than Festo is Johnson, in which the Federal Circuit held that subject matter disclosed but not claimed in a patent cannot be covered by the doctrine of equivalents. See Johnson & Johnston Associates Inc. v. R.E. Service Co., 285 F.3d 1046 (Fed. Cir. 2002) (en banc).
The claims at issue in Johnson are directed to a disposable substrate for use in manufacturing articles such as printed circuit boards. The specification says the substrate can be made of aluminum, stainless steel, nickel alloy, or polypropylene. In the claims, the substrate is made of aluminum. The alleged infringers used steel. The district court found that the defendants infringed under the doctrine of equivalents and that such infringement was willful. The Federal Circuit then reversed, holding that because the patentee disclosed but did not claim steel as a substrate, steel had been “dedicated to the public” and therefore could not be construed as an equivalent to aluminum.
Less Disclosure = More Protection?
Yachts, Jets, Horses & Hooch: Specialized Commercial Leasing Models
Defining commercial real estate asset class is essentially a property explaining how it identifies — not necessarily what its original intention was or what others think it ought to be. This article discusses, from a general issue-spot and contextual analysis perspective, how lawyers ought to think about specialized leasing formats and the regulatory backdrops that may inform what the documentation needs to contain for compliance purposes.
Hyperlinked Documents: The Latest e-Discovery Challenge
As courts and discovery experts debate whether hyperlinked content should be treated the same as traditional attachments, legal practitioners are grappling with the technical and legal complexities of collecting, analyzing and reviewing these documents in real-world cases.
Identifying Your Practice's Differentiator
How to Convey Your Merits In a Way That Earns Trust, Clients and Distinctions Just as no two individuals have the exact same face, no two lawyers practice in their respective fields or serve clients in the exact same way. Think of this as a "Unique Value Proposition." Internal consideration about what you uniquely bring to your clients, colleagues, firm and industry can provide untold benefits for your law practice.
Risks and Ad Fraud Protection In Digital Advertising
The ever-evolving digital marketing landscape, coupled with the industry-wide adoption of programmatic advertising, poses a significant threat to the effectiveness and integrity of digital advertising campaigns. This article explores various risks to digital advertising from pixel stuffing and ad stacking to domain spoofing and bots. It will also explore what should be done to ensure ad fraud protection and improve effectiveness.
Turning Business Development Plans Into Reality
This article offers practical insights and best practices to navigate the path from roadmap to rainmaking, ensuring your business development efforts are not just sporadic bursts of activity, but an integrated part of your daily success.