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Aggregate Limits: Addressing Arguments Advanced by Policyholders in Asbestos Claims

By John C. Yang
August 01, 2003

Now entering its third decade, asbestos exposures threaten the financial stability of numerous commercial entities. Asbestos manufacturers, distributors and installers have been forced to declare bankruptcy because of these exposures. RAND Institute for Civil Justice, “Asbestos Litigation in the U.S.A.: A New Look at an Old Issue” (Aug. 2001). Even companies with only a peripheral connection to asbestos ' eg, car manufacturers that used asbestos-lined brakes ' have been sued. Asbestos claimants continue to aggressively pursue any entity that had any involvement with asbestos. Indeed, the backlog of asbestos suits in the federal and state courts doubled from about 100,000 in 1990 to 200,000 in 1999. Asbestos Compensation Act of 2000, H.R. Rep. No. 106-782, at 18 (2000). Quite simply, absent federal legislative relief, asbestos cases will continue to clog U.S. courts. Moreover, asbestos litigation has and will continue to bog down a large segment of the U.S. economy. Studies are now projecting that asbestos lawsuits will continue until at least 2030.

The costs associated with asbestos pose staggering exposures for their insurers as well. Many insurers have increased reserves to respond to their potential asbestos liabilities. Several insurers ' including Home Insurance Company, Reliance Insurance Company and Frontier Insurance Company ' have been forced to declare insolvency because of such exposures. Nevertheless, policyholders are increasingly looking to their insurers to fund their asbestos-related liabilities.

Recently, policyholders have begun to pursue a novel argument in the attempt to shift the liability arising out of their use of asbestos-containing materials to their insurers. Specifically, many policies issued by insurers in the 1960s and 1970s included aggregate limits of liability for products hazards and completed operations, but did not include aggregate limits for other types of exposures. To avoid the application of aggregate policy limits, some policyholders seek to characterize asbestos-related claims against them as exposures that do not involve products/completed operations hazards. Most frequently, this argument is made when the policyholder is an asbestos installer or insulator.

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