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Vague Claim Construction Rules Lead to Reversals
Why can't federal trial judges figure out what patents mean? As it held en banc in Cybor Corp. v. FAS Technologies, Inc., 138 F3d 1448 (Fed. Cir. 1998), district court rulings on claim construction ' interpretations of the meaning of patent claims ' are reviewed de novo as questions of law by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. A recent study concluded that more than 40% of all claim construction rulings reviewed by the Federal Circuit in 2001 were reversed in whole or part. Andrew T. Zidel, “Patent Claim Construction in the Trial Courts: A Study Showing the Need for Clear Guidance from the Federal Circuit,” 33 Seton Hall L. Rev. 711 (2003). While other studies have reported lower numbers, this percentage is in line with a survey cited in Judge Rader's dissenting opinion in Cybor. Judge Randall R. Rader wrote then that a “reversal rate, hovering near 50%, is the worst possible. Even a rate that was much higher would provide greater certainty.”
Claim construction isn't easy ' particularly for a non-scientist ' and trial judges will never accumulate the patent law experience of judges on the Federal Circuit. Beyond these issues, however, are the Federal Circuit's rules of claim construction too confusing? Does the Federal Circuit tinker too much with lower court rulings, like a senior lawyer who rewrites everything he receives from an associate?
An Example
Major Differences In UK, U.S. Copyright Laws
This article highlights how copyright law in the United Kingdom differs from U.S. copyright law, and points out differences that may be crucial to entertainment and media businesses familiar with U.S law that are interested in operating in the United Kingdom or under UK law. The article also briefly addresses contrasts in UK and U.S. trademark law.
The Article 8 Opt In
The Article 8 opt-in election adds an additional layer of complexity to the already labyrinthine rules governing perfection of security interests under the UCC. A lender that is unaware of the nuances created by the opt in (may find its security interest vulnerable to being primed by another party that has taken steps to perfect in a superior manner under the circumstances.
Strategy vs. Tactics: Two Sides of a Difficult Coin
With each successive large-scale cyber attack, it is slowly becoming clear that ransomware attacks are targeting the critical infrastructure of the most powerful country on the planet. Understanding the strategy, and tactics of our opponents, as well as the strategy and the tactics we implement as a response are vital to victory.
Removing Restrictive Covenants In New York
In Rockwell v. Despart, the New York Supreme Court, Third Department, recently revisited a recurring question: When may a landowner seek judicial removal of a covenant restricting use of her land?
Legal Possession: What Does It Mean?
Possession of real property is a matter of physical fact. Having the right or legal entitlement to possession is not "possession," possession is "the fact of having or holding property in one's power." That power means having physical dominion and control over the property.