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Plan Ahead: Third Circuit Denies Tax Exemption for Asset Sales Made Before Chapter 11 Plan

BY A. Michael Sabino
September 01, 2003

It has been often said that Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code can be summarized as the “Three Rs,” precisely “reorganize, restructure, and rehabilitate.” In practicality, this includes steps such as “reducing headcount,” (firing people, without the euphemism), streamlining operations, reordering debt, and so on. One of the most critical components of such lifesaving steps is the divestiture of assets, in plain English, selling off assets that are either unprofitable and unwanted burdens or those items that can fetch high prices that can add quickly to the cash reserves of a troubled company.

Thus, asset sales are part and parcel of the typical Chapter 11 and include not only the sale of real estate, but also the sale of other “hard” assets, such as leased or financed equipment and personal property. Sometimes these sales are done as part of the ongoing process of rehabilitating the beleaguered entity, and other times they are accomplished pursuant to a court-approved Chapter 11 plan of reorganization. And therein lies the issue.

Turning to only real estate sales for the moment, the Bankruptcy Code makes clear that the real estate sold under the terms of a Chapter 11 plan is not subject to local transfer taxes. This is a neat money-saving benefit for the debtor and its creditors. But what if the sale is consummated before the plan is itself approved, yet the debtor nevertheless seeks to avail itself of the tax exemption? The answer to that controversial question is of great importance not only to the realty side of business, but has great implications for those in the equipment leasing and financing industry, since their transactions may be likewise affected.

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