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It seems fair to say that a major goal of the patent system ' to be a channel of technological disclosure ' remains largely unfulfilled. Scientists and engineers seldom, if ever, consult patents in the course of their work. It is the technical and scientific journals that are consulted by practitioners of a particular field, and such journal articles ' while almost always containing numerous references to other such journal articles ' seldom make reference to a patent. This article considers whether the willful infringement doctrine (ie, the punitive enhancement of damages for willful infringement) is a significant cause of the relative unimportance of patent disclosures to the process of technological innovation. This article also asks whether two fundamental objectives of the patent system, disclosure of patents and protection of the patent holder, might not be better served by elimination of the doctrine. While it would seem quite reasonable to question the further perpetuation of the willful infringement doctrine, given its potential chilling effect on those seeking to consult patent disclosures, this question is rarely asked, if at all, presumably due to the doctrine's antiquity.
Patent infringement damages, generally, are addressed by 35 U.S.C. '284, which, in addition to providing compensation to the patentee, allows the courts to enhance damages by up to three times the initial compensatory amount. Section 284, which has existed in essentially its present form since 1952, is silent on the conditions under which such enhancement power is to be utilized. Over the last two decades, however, the Federal Circuit has established limits on the utilization of the enhancement provision, such that it may only be used when willful infringement has been found.
Federal Circuit Doctrine
This article highlights how copyright law in the United Kingdom differs from U.S. copyright law, and points out differences that may be crucial to entertainment and media businesses familiar with U.S law that are interested in operating in the United Kingdom or under UK law. The article also briefly addresses contrasts in UK and U.S. trademark law.
With each successive large-scale cyber attack, it is slowly becoming clear that ransomware attacks are targeting the critical infrastructure of the most powerful country on the planet. Understanding the strategy, and tactics of our opponents, as well as the strategy and the tactics we implement as a response are vital to victory.
The Article 8 opt-in election adds an additional layer of complexity to the already labyrinthine rules governing perfection of security interests under the UCC. A lender that is unaware of the nuances created by the opt in (may find its security interest vulnerable to being primed by another party that has taken steps to perfect in a superior manner under the circumstances.
In Rockwell v. Despart, the New York Supreme Court, Third Department, recently revisited a recurring question: When may a landowner seek judicial removal of a covenant restricting use of her land?