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Physical Spoliation of Evidence: When It Doesn't Matter
Physical unavailability of evidence can influence litigation, but for various reasons, the courts will not always draw an adverse inference against the party that has lost or destroyed such evidence. One of these reasons is simple relevance. A case in point is Kanyi v. United States, 2001 U.S. Dist LEXIS 19814, in which the plaintiff appealed a Magistrate Judge's order denying a motion for an adverse inference charge against defendants. The court found that even though defendants had destroyed evidence, their actions were at most merely negligent, and besides, the evidence in question was immaterial to the case.
Kanyi v. United States
In Kanyi, the police caught the defendant William Kanyi (plaintiff, in the action) attempting to import bags of heroin into the United States. Kanyi, a so-called “drug mule,” was attempting on March 30, 1998, to import 51 bags of heroin he had swallowed. He had ingested the bags before boarding a flight to New York from his home country of Ghana. On his arrival at JFK International Airport, agents of the U.S. Customs Service stopped Kanyi and searched him. During the search, Kanyi admitted that he had swallowed the heroin. He was therefore transferred to the airport medical facility, where x-rays confirmed the presence of bags containing some substance in his alimentary tract.
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Major Differences In UK, U.S. Copyright Laws
This article highlights how copyright law in the United Kingdom differs from U.S. copyright law, and points out differences that may be crucial to entertainment and media businesses familiar with U.S law that are interested in operating in the United Kingdom or under UK law. The article also briefly addresses contrasts in UK and U.S. trademark law.
Strategy vs. Tactics: Two Sides of a Difficult Coin
With each successive large-scale cyber attack, it is slowly becoming clear that ransomware attacks are targeting the critical infrastructure of the most powerful country on the planet. Understanding the strategy, and tactics of our opponents, as well as the strategy and the tactics we implement as a response are vital to victory.
The Article 8 Opt In
The Article 8 opt-in election adds an additional layer of complexity to the already labyrinthine rules governing perfection of security interests under the UCC. A lender that is unaware of the nuances created by the opt in (may find its security interest vulnerable to being primed by another party that has taken steps to perfect in a superior manner under the circumstances.
Removing Restrictive Covenants In New York
In Rockwell v. Despart, the New York Supreme Court, Third Department, recently revisited a recurring question: When may a landowner seek judicial removal of a covenant restricting use of her land?