'Pay First' Provisions and the Insolvent Policyholder

When an insured entity becomes a debtor in bankruptcy, the interests of liability insurers collide with fundamental principles of the Bankruptcy Code. Most liability insurance policies require the policyholder to pay a deductible or self-insured retention ("SIR") before the insurer is obliged to pay anything. And many insurance policies require the policyholder to pay the entire claim first and to seek reimbursement from the insurer afterward. Almost by definition, however, insolvent policyholders are unable to make these upfront payments. Indeed, in many cases, the policyholder's inability to do so in the face of a deluge of litigation was the principal cause of the insolvency in the first place.