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Can the Sequel Make More Money Than the Original?

By Adam C. Rogoff and Nathan Haynes
September 28, 2004

Talk about a balance of power. Debtors want to sell assets for maximum value. Bidders want to buy cheaply and with finality. While debtors want flexible auctions, if the rules are open-ended, bidders will stay home. So what happens to bidder confidence when, after the auction concludes, but before the sale is approved, a late bidder offers more money? Bankruptcy courts must weigh the potential benefits to the estate against the reasonable expectations of the auction participants and the impact of accepting a late bid on the integrity of bankruptcy auctions. Recently, the Seventh Circuit examined this tension in Corporate Assets, Inc. v. Paloian, 368 F.3d 761 (7th Cir. 2004) (Paloian) [as analysed in last month's issue].

Procedural Options

In general, debtors have several procedural options in selling assets outside the ordinary course of business, with the common course being a court-approved auction process. Such asset sales are generally divided into two phases: Phase I, bid solicitation and auction, followed by Phase II, the sale hearing to approve the results of the auction (Section 363(b) of the Bankruptcy Code requires that the bankruptcy court approve of the sale of a debtor's assets outside the ordinary course of the debtor's business). Entering Phase I, a debtor may often already have a form of agreement with a “stalking horse” bidder that, inter alia, sets a minimum price for the assets in question. At the auction, other parties are invited to bid against the “stalking horse,” utilizing the same form of agreement. But other times a debtor may have no bidder lined up, and proceeds “naked” into Phase I. Either way, debtors generally seek court approval of auction procedures, which can establish who will be considered qualified to bid on the subject assets, the form of the bids, and actual procedures for the auction (such as minimum overbid requirements and the like). (Depending on the flexibility and rules of the subject bankruptcy court and/or judge, debtors seek approval of such procedures either before or [retroactively] after the auction. Obtaining pre-approval of the bankruptcy court can, of course, provide the debtor and the bidders with more of a measure of stability and certainty in respect of the process.)

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