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Jury Finds Independent Insurance Agent a 'Franchisee'
On Dec. 13, 2004, a federal jury in the U.S. District Court of Connecticut awarded $2.3 million in damages to a terminated independent insurance agent, in the case of Charts v. Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company, Civil Action No. 3:97 01621 (CFD). Among the findings of the jury were that agent Charts operated pursuant to a franchise agreement, that the franchise was terminated without good cause as required by the Connecticut Franchise Act, that Nationwide violated the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing, and that Nationwide's conduct violated the Connecticut Unfair Trade Practices Act.
Note that at press time, the court had not yet ruled on Nationwide's post-verdict motion for judgment as a matter of law and/or for new trial. Among the several grounds for its post-trial motion, Nationwide has asserted that it had good cause to terminate; that the evidence did not prove that Charts was a franchisee because there was no proof that he was engaged in the sale, offering, or distribution of Nationwide's products; that the sale, offering, and distribution of Nationwide's insurance policies were vested solely in Nationwide; and that Charts was merely an agent/conduit with no authority to vary the terms for Nationwide's insurance products. The post-trial motion further contends that no marketing plan was imposed by Nationwide, that Charts was an independent contractor who had the sole discretion and responsibility for operating the agency, and that Nationwide's control was limited to its obligations under Connecticut's insurance statutes and to preserving its trademark.
This article highlights how copyright law in the United Kingdom differs from U.S. copyright law, and points out differences that may be crucial to entertainment and media businesses familiar with U.S law that are interested in operating in the United Kingdom or under UK law. The article also briefly addresses contrasts in UK and U.S. trademark law.
The Article 8 opt-in election adds an additional layer of complexity to the already labyrinthine rules governing perfection of security interests under the UCC. A lender that is unaware of the nuances created by the opt in (may find its security interest vulnerable to being primed by another party that has taken steps to perfect in a superior manner under the circumstances.
With each successive large-scale cyber attack, it is slowly becoming clear that ransomware attacks are targeting the critical infrastructure of the most powerful country on the planet. Understanding the strategy, and tactics of our opponents, as well as the strategy and the tactics we implement as a response are vital to victory.
Possession of real property is a matter of physical fact. Having the right or legal entitlement to possession is not "possession," possession is "the fact of having or holding property in one's power." That power means having physical dominion and control over the property.
UCC Sections 9406(d) and 9408(a) are one of the most powerful, yet least understood, sections of the Uniform Commercial Code. On their face, they appear to override anti-assignment provisions in agreements that would limit the grant of a security interest. But do these sections really work?