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Retail Property Values and Land Use Regulation: Judicial Approaches to Measuring Diminution of Value and Strategies to Redress Loss of Property Value
Part One of this article discussed the Penn Central multifactor takings test. The conclusion addresses the “whole parcel” rule announced in Penn Central as well as the two-part takings test established by Agins v. City of Tiburon, 447 U.S. 255 (1980) and suggests strategies to redress loss of property values due to regulations.
The Whole Parcel Rule
In Penn Central, the Supreme Court stated that a landowner may not “divide a parcel into discrete segments and then attempt to determine whether rights in a particular segment have been abrogated.” In other words, Penn Central could not base its takings claim solely on its rights to the airspace above the terminal. This so-called “segmentation issue” can be extremely important to the outcome of a takings claim. The rule announced in Penn Central is sometimes referred to as the “whole parcel” or “denominator” rule. It determines how the unit of property or relevant parcel is defined for purposes of the court's takings analysis.
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Major Differences In UK, U.S. Copyright Laws
This article highlights how copyright law in the United Kingdom differs from U.S. copyright law, and points out differences that may be crucial to entertainment and media businesses familiar with U.S law that are interested in operating in the United Kingdom or under UK law. The article also briefly addresses contrasts in UK and U.S. trademark law.
The Article 8 Opt In
The Article 8 opt-in election adds an additional layer of complexity to the already labyrinthine rules governing perfection of security interests under the UCC. A lender that is unaware of the nuances created by the opt in (may find its security interest vulnerable to being primed by another party that has taken steps to perfect in a superior manner under the circumstances.
Strategy vs. Tactics: Two Sides of a Difficult Coin
With each successive large-scale cyber attack, it is slowly becoming clear that ransomware attacks are targeting the critical infrastructure of the most powerful country on the planet. Understanding the strategy, and tactics of our opponents, as well as the strategy and the tactics we implement as a response are vital to victory.
Legal Possession: What Does It Mean?
Possession of real property is a matter of physical fact. Having the right or legal entitlement to possession is not "possession," possession is "the fact of having or holding property in one's power." That power means having physical dominion and control over the property.
The Anti-Assignment Override Provisions
UCC Sections 9406(d) and 9408(a) are one of the most powerful, yet least understood, sections of the Uniform Commercial Code. On their face, they appear to override anti-assignment provisions in agreements that would limit the grant of a security interest. But do these sections really work?