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The Whens and Whys of Asserting Fifth Amendment Privileges

BY Marjorie J. Peerce
February 27, 2006

The Fifth Amendment's protection against self-incrimination is one of the foundational rights of the America justice system. It provides that “no person … shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself.” It protects witnesses from what Justice Field called the “cruel trilemma of self-accusation, perjury, or contempt.” Brown v. Walker, 161 U.S. 591, 637 (1896) (Field, J., dissenting). In this post-Enron era of corporate prosecutions, it is critical that corporate insiders understand the scope of the Fifth Amendment's protection.

Internal Corporate Events

In today's world of real-time investigations into corporate fraud, the government often seeks documents and testimony related to internal corporate events as they occur. Consider a company that discovers reason to believe its finance department is cooking the books. The company hires outside legal counsel and prepares a press release announcing that the law firm will conduct an internal investigation. Upon leaving the meeting at which the press release was drafted, employees may find waiting in their offices messages from assistant U.S. Attorneys wanting to interview them about the meeting. Shortly after the meeting, the company may be served with a subpoena requesting all drafts of the press release. At this early stage of investigation, it is important that attorneys counsel their clients regarding the potential answers and acts that are covered by the Fifth Amendment.

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