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Securing U.S. Strategic Assets: Does The Exon-Florio Statute Do Its Job?

BY Ronald D. Lee
March 30, 2006

When it was announced in early 2006 that Dubai Ports World, a company controlled by the Government of Dubai, planned to acquire six major U.S. ports and had successfully undergone the U.S. government's national security review of the transaction, concerns about foreign ownership of U.S. assets intensified dramatically. A new wave of criticism arose, revitalizing arguments that had temporarily subsided when the China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) (a Chinese Government-controlled company) withdrew its bid to acquire California-based Unocal Corporation in the summer of 2005. Now, it appears that there is great momentum behind proposals to adopt new means to prevent ' or at least to screen ' such proposed acquisitions by foreign companies, particularly foreign government-owned companies.

Specifically, both the Dubai Ports World and CNOOC incidents have prompted a variety of proposals to strengthen the President's authority to prohibit or suspend foreign acquisitions of U.S. companies that might threaten U.S. national security. The President currently enjoys such authority pursuant to the so-called Exon-Florio statute, which was enacted as an amendment to the Defense Production Act of 1950.

As revealed at a series of recent congressional hearings, a number of prominent members of Congress believe Exon-Florio is an underutilized tool that could and should be strengthened and sharpened. At issue is not only the scope of the statute itself, but also its implementation by the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS), an interagency body charged with reviewing proposed foreign acquisitions of U.S. companies and recommending to the President whether the transactions should be prohibited or suspended. Some Members of Congress believe CFIUS has not been sufficiently aggressive in protecting national security, that its deliberations are too opaque and too narrowly focused, and that Congress should have more information about, and more control over, the committee. Will their criticisms lead to congressional scrutiny of individual foreign company bids for U.S. companies, above and beyond CFIUS reviews?

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