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In the Marketplace
The Equipment Leasing and Finance Association ('ELFA') has filed two separate amicus curiae briefs regarding the use of deductions generated through participation in Lease-In/Lease-Out ('LILO') transactions. In both briefs, the ELFA argues that the correct tax treatment of leaseback transactions ' and commercial leasing transactions in general ' are cast into doubt.
In the first case, the ELFA filed a motion and amicus brief before the Fourth Circuit in support of the appellant, BB&T Corporation, in its appeal of the decision of the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina in BBT Corporation v. USA, No. 1:04-cv-00941-NCT (Jan. 4, 2007). The transaction involved the lease and sublease of pulp manufacturing equipment. The plaintiff, BB&T Corporation, had certain tax deductions disallowed by the Internal Revenue Service in connection with BB&T's participation in a LILO transaction with Sodra Cell AB, a Swedish company. As described by the court, the deal consisted of a 'Head Lease' in which BB&T acquired an undivided interest in the equipment for a period of 36 years and an immediate shorter term sublease of the undivided interest in the equipment back to Sodra for a term of 15.5 years.
Prior to the closing date of the transaction in this case, the IRS issued proposed rules pursuant to '467 of the IRC, and these proposed rules were adopted as final regulations on May 18, 1999. As a result, BB&T did not participate in any other LILO transactions after April 1, 1999. With respect to this transaction, however, BB&T reported the following items of income on its 1997 federal income tax return: 1) rent from Sodra in the amount of $3,381,518; and 2) amortization of an advisory fee it received from a consulting firm in the amount of $55,120. BB&T claimed the following deductions on its 1997 federal income tax return associated with the transaction: 1) rent to Sodra in the amount of $9,894,362; 2) interest expense in the amount of $2,820,925; and 3) amortization of the fees and expenses paid in connection with the transaction in the amount of $137,943. Upon audit of BB&T's 1997 federal income tax return, the IRS disregarded the income and disallowed the deductions associated with the transaction, resulting in an increase of $9,416,592 in BB&T's taxable income for 1997. BB&T paid a deficiency for 1997 in the amount of $3,295,807 plus $1,296,861 in interest for a total of $4,592,668. BB&T filed a claim for refund, which the IRS denied. BB&T filed suit for the refund of the deficiency and interest. Both parties filed motions for summary judgment, and the district court sided with the IRS.
Major Differences In UK, U.S. Copyright Laws
This article highlights how copyright law in the United Kingdom differs from U.S. copyright law, and points out differences that may be crucial to entertainment and media businesses familiar with U.S law that are interested in operating in the United Kingdom or under UK law. The article also briefly addresses contrasts in UK and U.S. trademark law.
The Article 8 Opt In
The Article 8 opt-in election adds an additional layer of complexity to the already labyrinthine rules governing perfection of security interests under the UCC. A lender that is unaware of the nuances created by the opt in (may find its security interest vulnerable to being primed by another party that has taken steps to perfect in a superior manner under the circumstances.
Strategy vs. Tactics: Two Sides of a Difficult Coin
With each successive large-scale cyber attack, it is slowly becoming clear that ransomware attacks are targeting the critical infrastructure of the most powerful country on the planet. Understanding the strategy, and tactics of our opponents, as well as the strategy and the tactics we implement as a response are vital to victory.
Legal Possession: What Does It Mean?
Possession of real property is a matter of physical fact. Having the right or legal entitlement to possession is not "possession," possession is "the fact of having or holding property in one's power." That power means having physical dominion and control over the property.
The Anti-Assignment Override Provisions
UCC Sections 9406(d) and 9408(a) are one of the most powerful, yet least understood, sections of the Uniform Commercial Code. On their face, they appear to override anti-assignment provisions in agreements that would limit the grant of a security interest. But do these sections really work?