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Prosecution and Defense of Stock Option Backdating Cases

BY Steven F. Reich
September 27, 2007

After Michael E. Clark reviewed then-emerging issues in the area of stock option backdating in last December's issue of Business Crimes Bulletin, former Brocade Communications Systems, Inc. CEO Gregory Reyes was found guilty of backdating-related crimes despite what most observers agree was a vigorous and well-funded defense. United States v. Reyes, No. 06-0556 (N.D. Cal., jury verdict, Aug. 7, 2007). This article discusses four critical issues likely to influence future backdating cases.

Backdating Is Not a Garden Variety Stock Fraud

Backdating is different from conduct typically alleged as stock fraud because it is not in itself illegal. So long as the backdating of options is accompanied by proper accounting treatment and public disclosure, there is no securities law violation. Backdating cases thus have come to be thought of largely as accounting cases. As a result, a potent potential defense has emerged for corporate officers who may have known backdating was occurring but, because they did not have hands-on responsibility for their company's financial or accounting practices, were unaware of the accounting or disclosure consequences of that practice. This defense does not exist with more common forms of alleged stock fraud where, for example, a defendant would be unlikely to claim that he or she was aware of revenue manipulation but didn't understand that such manipulation had accounting consequences or had to be disclosed.

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