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Market-Based MAC and Termination Fee Clauses on the Rise, But Subject to Pitfalls

By G. Thomas Stromberg and Justin Rawlins

Financial markets are unsettled. A result of the U.S. housing crisis has been a disruption in the general credit markets and increased scrutiny of transactions using higher risk debt financing, including leveraged buyout deals. Much of the disruption in the credit markets became evident during September 2007, and many equity sponsors and financing sources that had issued commitments prior to that time reconsidered their commitments later in the year. In many cases the cost of the financing was significantly more expensive, and in some cases the financing was no longer available. This situation has caused various equity sponsors and financing sources to re-examine their obligations to consummate a distressed commitment and their ability to back out of a deal.

Two types of contract clauses are commonly cited when a buyer or financing source desires not to make good on its commitment. These clauses are material adverse change ('MAC') clauses and termination fee clauses. Several recent cases show that good draftsmanship and a clear understanding of their intended effect are essential in heading off disputes when implementing these provisions.

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