Unauthorized Source Code Copying
Conversion Claim Not Cognizable in PA
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Unauthorized Source Code Copying
Conversion Claim Not Cognizable in PA
A conversion claim against a software licensee based on allegations of unauthorized copying of the licensed source code is not cognizable because neither copyrights nor the software at issue are subject to conversion under Pennsylvania law. Apparel Business Systems, LLC v. Tom James Co., 2008 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 26313 (E.D. Pa. Mar. 28, 2008). The court granted summary judgment in favor of the defendant on the conversion and copyright claims, concluding that the plaintiff lacked standing because it failed to establish that it owns the software copyrights at issue or make a cognizable conversion claim under state law. The court found that copyrights are not the kind of intangible rights that customarily merge in a particular document because the rights associated with copyright ownership are not embodied in the physical paper of the copyright registration, but arise as soon as the work is fixed in a tangible medium. The court also held that software is not the type of property subject to a conversion claim, because it was doubtful that the copied code amounted to chattel or deprived the plaintiff of the use of its software, as it was not the case that 'the defendants carried off a disk containing the plaintiff's program and refused to give it back.'
The DOJ's Criminal Division issued three declinations since the issuance of the revised CEP a year ago. Review of these cases gives insight into DOJ's implementation of the new policy in practice.
This article discusses the practical and policy reasons for the use of DPAs and NPAs in white-collar criminal investigations, and considers the NDAA's new reporting provision and its relationship with other efforts to enhance transparency in DOJ decision-making.
When we consider how the use of AI affects legal PR and communications, we have to look at it as an industrywide global phenomenon. A recent online conference provided an overview of the latest AI trends in public relations, and specifically, the impact of AI on communications. Here are some of the key points and takeaways from several of the speakers, who provided current best practices, tips, concerns and case studies.
The parameters set forth in the DOJ's memorandum have implications not only for the government's evaluation of compliance programs in the context of criminal charging decisions, but also for how defense counsel structure their conference-room advocacy seeking declinations or lesser sanctions in both criminal and civil investigations.