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Discharge of Family Law Obligations in Bankruptcy

BY Stuart Gold
August 25, 2008

In April 2005, Congress passed, and President Bush signed, the most recent set of amendments to the Bankruptcy Code, The Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005 (“BAPCPA”). Most of the provisions of this amendatory act applied to bankruptcy cases filed after Oct. 17, 2005. BAPCPA made significant changes in the treatment of alimony, child support and other obligations arising out of the dissolution of the marital relationship. This article refers to these obligations collectively as “family law obligations.” Although many articles appeared in 2005 regarding the changes made by BAPCPA, it is worth revisiting these changes as they apply to the family law practitioner because the current economic downturn will lead to many more consumer bankruptcy filings in the remainder of 2008 and in 2009.

Discharge and the Fresh Start

The key issue for any individual debtor is the discharge of obligations that were owed as of the date of the petition. The entry of an order of discharge acts as a permanent injunction against any future enforcement proceedings and provides the debtor with a “fresh start.” 11 U.S.C. ' 524. An individual debtor in a Chapter 7 case receives a discharge 60 days after the first meeting of creditors, provided that no objection to discharge or dischargeability of particular debts is filed within that 60-day period. The discharge order is generated by the clerk automatically within a few days of the expiration of the 60-day period. An individual in a Chapter 13 case receives a discharge upon the completion of all payments due under a plan; this discharge usually takes three to five years from the date of confirmation. In a Chapter 11 case, rarely used by individual debtors, the debtor is discharged upon the entry of an order confirming the debtor's plan of reorganization.

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