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And on the 46th Day, Who Wins?

BY Francis X. Buckley, Jr.
September 29, 2008

Lenders, financiers, and other creditors are often aware of the ever-present danger of a federal tax lien lurking within a debtor's assets. It is one of many risks that typically must be taken into account in performing due diligence for any financing arrangement. Protecting an interest from a federal tax lien involves both careful legal planning and extensive due diligence with respect to a debtor's assets. In many respects, the federal tax lien represents the worst of both worlds. It is the intersection of complex and multi-layered legal framework involving the federal tax laws, the state and local law adaptations of the Uniform Commercial Code (the “UCC”), and the state common laws of property and contract rights, among others. At the same time, it is a highly fact-determinative inquiry, with questions of priority often turning on the who, what, when, where, and how of the parties' secured or unsecured interests. The end result is large body of continuously evolving and often conflicting case law that can be a headache for anyone attempting to sort through the issues.

This article provides a review of the basic principles of federal tax liens and secured transactions under Article 9 of the UCC (“Article 9″) and discusses certain issues that arise with respect to the priority of federal tax liens against certain interest holders under the “45-day rule” of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), explained in more detail below. To guide the discussion, consider the following hypothetical scenarios:

Scenario 1

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