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Pre-Trial Detention and White-Collar Defendants

BY Steven F. Reich
April 24, 2009

The Eighth Amendment commands that “excessive bail shall not be required.” Despite this prohibition, there is no guarantee that those accused of federal crimes will remain at liberty while awaiting their day in court. This article reviews pretrial bail decisions in two recent federal prosecutions: United States v. Bernard Madoff and United States v. Marc Dreier. These cases arose during the recent financial meltdown and provide a very recent window into how courts assess the right to bail in cases where the defendant allegedly has inflicted massive economic harm on the public.

The Bail Reform Act

The constitutional prohibition against excessive bail is implemented through The Bail Reform Act of 1984, which provides the statutory framework for pretrial release decisions in federal courts. The statute sets forth a presumption favoring release prior to trial for most federal defendants. However, a court may still order pretrial detention of the defendant in certain specified situations. Two have particular relevance in white-collar cases. The government may seek a detention hearing in a case that involves a serious risk that the defendant will: 1) flee prior to trial; or 2) obstruct justice. If either of these two conditions is met, the court must then determine “whether any condition or combination of conditions of release will protect the safety of the community and reasonably assure the defendant's appearance at trial.”

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