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Secured Lenders' Right to Full Payment

BY Michael L. Cook
July 28, 2009

The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit held on May 5, 2009, that two secured lenders were fully secured, “entitled to a full recovery” from the debtor (“UAL”) despite the bankruptcy court's improper valuation of the collateral (improved airport terminal space) securing the lenders' underlying $60 million loan. In re United Air Lines, Inc., __ F.3d __, 2009 U.S. App. LEXIS 9648 (7th Cir. 5/5/09) (Easterbrook, Ch. J.). The lower courts had valued the lenders' collateral at $35 million, leaving them with a $25 million unsecured claim. According to the Seventh Circuit, the bankruptcy and district courts had not only ignored critical evidence showing comparable terminal space with a higher value, but the bankruptcy court had also used an improper discount rate when valuing the space rentals over the term of the loan. In the court's words, “[r]eal prices are much more informative than lawyers' talk.” Id. at 13.

Relevance of Ruling

UAL deals with the so-called “absolute priority” rule's requirement that secured creditors be paid in full before junior creditors receive anything under a Chapter 11 reorganization plan. In a recent article, law professor Todd J. Zywicki complained bitterly that a proposed sale procedure in the Chrysler reorganization threatened the rule. See “Chrysler and the Rule of Law,” Wall Street Journal, May 13, 2009. In his article, the professor made three major points:

  • Although the absolute priority rule requires secured creditors to receive first payment priority, in Chrysler they have “been browbeaten by an American president into accepting only 30 cents on the dollar of their claims.” Junior creditors, on the other hand, “will get about fifty cents on the dollar.”
  • A “linchpin of bankruptcy law,” the absolute priority rule provides a “procedural mechanism for the efficient resolution of financial distress” because it preserves “the substantive property and contract rights of creditors.”
  • Disregarding the absolute priority rule upsets the process by reconfiguring the redistribution of the bankruptcy estate, subjugating the rights of secured creditors to those of junior creditors.

Putting aside the hyperbole, how secured creditors fare in reorganization cases has regularly been the subject of intense litigation.

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