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Electronic Search and Seizure

BY David Krakoff, Anthony Alexis
November 24, 2009

The long-running BALCO steroid investigation that led to the indictment of Major League Baseball star Barry Bonds has resulted in a potentially landmark decision about how government agents apply for and execute search warrants for electronically stored information (ESI). In United States v. Comprehensive Drug Testing, Inc., 579 F.3d 989 (9th Cir. Aug. 26, 2009), an 11-member “en banc panel” of the Ninth Circuit affirmed a district court ruling ordering the government to return an overbroad set of electronic data seized under a search warrant. This decision may force the Department of Justice (DOJ) to adjust its procedures for ESI search warrants ' a common tool for gathering evidence ' in the midst of the government's recent efforts to step up enforcement of federal laws.

The 'Plain View' Doctrine

While some courts have previously required ESI search protocols to limit the scope of electronic data the government may seize and the manner in which it may review the seized information, most courts have not imposed rigid limits. Instead, they have generally permitted the government to gather broad quantities of data for later analysis with no meaningful court supervision or mechanism for the impacted business to monitor or narrow the scope of data reviewed by the government. Such a permissive approach exposes businesses and individuals whose ESI is seized to the risk that the government, under the “plain view” doctrine, will gain access to data entirely unrelated to the search warrant.

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