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Class Action Waivers in Franchise Agreements Are Enforced
Just when everyone has been thinking that franchisors will have a difficult time enforcing class action waiver clauses, two recent cases have indicated that such clauses are alive and well. In a recent California Court of Appeal decision, Gold v. Melt Inc., Cal. Ct. App., 2d Dist., Bus. Franchise Guide (CCH) ' 14,371 (Apr. 16, 2010), certified for non-publication, a three-judge appellate panel affirmed the trial court's determination that a class action waiver contained in a gelato ice-cream franchise was enforceable. (The designation “certified for non-publication” means that the case cannot be cited as authority to any other California state trial or appellate court. However, the case is unofficially published. See, e.g., WL 1951145.)
The DOJ's Criminal Division issued three declinations since the issuance of the revised CEP a year ago. Review of these cases gives insight into DOJ's implementation of the new policy in practice.
The parameters set forth in the DOJ's memorandum have implications not only for the government's evaluation of compliance programs in the context of criminal charging decisions, but also for how defense counsel structure their conference-room advocacy seeking declinations or lesser sanctions in both criminal and civil investigations.
This article discusses the practical and policy reasons for the use of DPAs and NPAs in white-collar criminal investigations, and considers the NDAA's new reporting provision and its relationship with other efforts to enhance transparency in DOJ decision-making.
There is no efficient market for the sale of bankruptcy assets. Inefficient markets yield a transactional drag, potentially dampening the ability of debtors and trustees to maximize value for creditors. This article identifies ways in which investors may more easily discover bankruptcy asset sales.
This article explores legal developments over the past year that may impact compliance officer personal liability.