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Much of the federal litigation brought pursuant to the Employee Retirement and Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”) involves efforts by the beneficiaries of ERISA-regulated employee benefit plans to overturn benefits decisions of the plans' administrators. One recent study found that 65% of ERISA lawsuits in the federal court system involve claims of interference with plan benefits. Pension Governance, Inc. and the Michel-Shaked Group, ERISA Litigation Study (2009), available at www.pensionlitigationdata.com/news.php.
The standard of review that a court applies to such benefit decisions can have a significant impact on the beneficiary's chances of success in the lawsuit. If the court reviews the decision de novo, then it may effectively ignore the interpretation of the ERISA plan performed by the plan administrator and independently review the plan in order to make a benefits determination. See Aetna Health Inc. v. Davila, 542 U.S. 200, 210 (2004). At the other end of the spectrum of review standards, if the reviewing judge is compelled to apply a deferential standard of review to the decision of the plan administrator, then the judge is restricted to reviewing the decision for an abuse of discretion, and must uphold any reasonable interpretation of the ERISA plan offered by the plan administrator. McCauley v. First Unum Life Ins. Co., 551 F.3d 126, 133 (2d Cir. 2008).
The DOJ's Criminal Division issued three declinations since the issuance of the revised CEP a year ago. Review of these cases gives insight into DOJ's implementation of the new policy in practice.
This article discusses the practical and policy reasons for the use of DPAs and NPAs in white-collar criminal investigations, and considers the NDAA's new reporting provision and its relationship with other efforts to enhance transparency in DOJ decision-making.
The parameters set forth in the DOJ's memorandum have implications not only for the government's evaluation of compliance programs in the context of criminal charging decisions, but also for how defense counsel structure their conference-room advocacy seeking declinations or lesser sanctions in both criminal and civil investigations.
Each stage of an attorney's career offers opportunities for a curriculum that addresses both the individual's and the firm's need to drive success.
A defendant in a patent infringement suit may, during discovery and prior to a <i>Markman</i> hearing, compel the plaintiff to produce claim charts, claim constructions, and element-by-element infringement analyses.