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The Allocated Share Set-Off Rule: New York Enters the Debate

By Harry Lee
December 21, 2011

Long-tail environmental and toxic tort claims have spawned decades of hard-fought insurance coverage litigation. As the litigation has matured, judges have been forced to fashion rules that allow the courts and litigants to navigate between the desire for coverage, the reality of insurance contract terms, the dictates of public policy, respect for precedent, and the requirement that judicial solutions be practical.

The “allocated share set-off rule” is an excellent example of the judiciary working through these conflicting goals. Stated generally, the rule provides that where numerous liability insurance policies are triggered by a “long-tail” loss or losses, and the insured settles with some, but not all, of its insurers, the non-settling insurers may set off any portion of the overall liability properly allocable to the settled insurers' policies. Critically, this right applies pre-payment, i.e., the non-settling insurers need not make payment and then attempt to recoup the amounts allocable to settled policies; instead, they may exercise their set-off right prior to any payment.

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