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Creditor Recoupment

BY Michael L. Cook
September 26, 2012

The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit recently held that equitable considerations could not prevent a creditor's recouping of amounts owed to it by a Chapter 7 debtor. Terry v. Standard Ins. Co. (In re Terry), 2012 WL 3139364, *4 (8th Cir. Aug. 3, 2012). Reversing the bankruptcy court and the Bankruptcy Appellate Panel (“BAP”), the Eighth Circuit explained that “once a party meets the same-transaction test ' a court should not impose an additional 'balancing of the equities' requirement” on the doctrine of recoupment. Id. Ending a three-year battle in three courts over the sum of $45,316, the court's straightforward ruling resulted in a win for a disability insurer over a disabled individual. In reality, however, nobody won.

What Is Recoupment?

“Recoupment allows a defendant to deduct its claim from the amount the plaintiff could otherwise recover if the claim arises out of the same transaction or subject matter on which the plaintiff sued.” Id. at *2, citing In re NWFX, Inc., 864 F.2d 593 (8th Cir. 1989). The doctrine comes not from the Bankruptcy Code (“Code”), but is a common law rule permitting a creditor to reduce its liability by the amount of the debtor's obligation to the creditor so long as the two debts arise out of the same transaction. See, e.g., In re Anes, 195 F.3d 177, 182 (3d Cir. 1999); Newberry Corp. v. Fireman's Fund Ins. Co., 95 F.3d 1392, 1399 (9th Cir. 1996).

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