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Decisions of Interest

BY ALM Staff
September 25, 2013

Indian Adoption Case Drags On

The Supreme Court of South Carolina ordered its state's family court to finalize the adoption of the child at the center of the drawn-out custody proceedings in which the U.S. Supreme Court determined that the Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA) does not give superior custodial rights to a Native-American parent who has voluntarily relinquished his rights to custody of his child. Adoptive Couple v. Baby Girl, 2013 S.C. LEXIS 176 (S.C. 7/17/13).

The child in question in this adoption proceeding was born in Oklahoma to a man who is a member of the Cherokee Nation and a non-Indian mother. The father voluntarily gave up all claim to the baby, both before and after her birth, and offered no support. The mother opted to place the child with a potential adoptive couple living in South Carolina. When the birth father learned of the adoption, he sought custody of the child, arguing that the ICWA required that custody be given to him based not only on his biological bond, but also on the child's right to be raised in the Cherokee culture. The South Carolina State Supreme Court concluded that under South Carolina law, a father who gave up his rights to his child could not change his mind and automatically get her back. A best-interests inquiry would be used to determine her placement. However, it found that the ICWA trumped this state-law inquiry, so custody must be given to the father. The U.S. Supreme Court reversed, holding that the father never had custody of the child and that the ICAW therefore did not apply.

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