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Parkland Reservation: The 'Findings' Requirement
Town Law section 277(4) and Village Law section 7-730(4) law allow local governments to require that an applicant for a residential subdivision set aside land for park and recreation purposes or pay a fee in lieu thereof to be used for park and recreation purposes, as a condition of approval. Town Law section 274-a(6) and Village Law section 7-725-a(6) authorize local governments to impose similar conditions for site plan approval. The statutes, however, specifically require that before the requirement for land or fees can be imposed, the municipality first must find that: 1) the new development creates the need for additional recreational facilities; and 2) the existing recreational facilities in the municipality are not sufficient to accommodate the additional demand.
Municipalities frequently impose these fees without making the required findings, which have led a number of courts over the years to invalidate their decisions. Moreover, because the fees are a form of an “exaction,” a local government's failure to make the required findings very well may violate the “takings” rule announced by the U.S. Supreme Court in Nollan v. California Coastal Comm'n, 483 U.S. 825 (1987) and Dolan v. City of Tigard, 512 U.S. 374 (1994), as amplified by its recent ruling in Koontz v. St. Johns River Water Management District, 133 S.Ct. 2586 (2013).
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The DOJ's Corporate Enforcement Policy: One Year Later
The DOJ's Criminal Division issued three declinations since the issuance of the revised CEP a year ago. Review of these cases gives insight into DOJ's implementation of the new policy in practice.
The DOJ's New Parameters for Evaluating Corporate Compliance Programs
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