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The applicability of the attorney-client privilege within the corporate setting has been firmly established for decades. However, corporate counsel may be surprised to learn that, under certain circumstances, plaintiffs in shareholder litigation have gained access to privileged materials upon a showing of “good cause” under the fiduciary exception. This article discusses the basis for the fiduciary exception, the factors involved in the good-cause analysis, and the circumstances under which courts have turned over privileged materials to plaintiffs.
Garner and the Applicability of the Fiduciary Exception
The fiduciary exception to the attorney-client privilege was first recognized in Garner v. Wolfinbarger, 430 F.2d 1093 (5th Cir. 1970). Garner involved a shareholder derivative action alleging fraud by corporate management and a direct action alleging fraud and violations of securities laws. Shareholders sought discovery of communications between corporate management and corporate counsel, and the corporation asserted the attorney-client privilege. Although these communications were privileged, the court allowed plaintiffs access to them, holding that in the context of a derivative action, shareholders and corporate managers have a mutual interest in relevant communications because of the fiduciary duty owed by the corporation to its shareholders. While the court noted that allowing plaintiffs access to privileged documents could leave management open to second-guessing and harassment, it emphasized that “management does not manage for itself and that the beneficiaries of its action are the stockholders.” Id. at 1101.
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