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Allocating Costs to Policyholders for Periods of No Insurance

By Elaine A. Panagakos
October 02, 2014

In cases involving insurance coverage for injury or damage that has been held to have taken place over an extended time period, a majority of courts today allocate costs using the pro rata method, which assigns to each policy in effect during the applicable time period the share of costs proportionate to the amount of injury or damage that took place while the policy was in effect.

Pro rata allocation is often predicated on language contained in most general liability policies that limits coverage to injury or damage that takes place during the policy period. As is also consistent with that policy language, courts applying pro rata allocation generally require the policyholder to pay the costs attributable to periods for which it has no insurance coverage, either because it did not purchase any (or not enough), it claims to have purchased insurance but lost the policies, or it purchased insurance from an insurer which subsequently became insolvent.

A few courts, however, do not require the policyholder to pay the costs attributable to periods of injury when coverage for the risk at issue was not available in the insurance market, instead excluding those periods from the total number of years over which costs are allocated. That approach, sometimes called the “unavailability exception,” forces insurers for other policy periods to bear the costs of the periods when no insurance was found to have been available.

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