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Transgender Employees' Access to Restrooms In the Workplace
Employers with transgender employees should be aware of recent developments in the interpretation of laws for transgender employees, especially in relation to an employee's access to restroom facilities while at work. Title VII and the Fair Employment and Housing Act (FEHA) provide protections for transgender employees in the workplace. As discussed in more detail below, employers are required to grant unrestricted restroom access and use according to an employee's full-time gender presentation. The following provides a brief explanation of the law and the steps an employer can take to ensure that all employees remain comfortable in using restroom facilities.
Who Is an 'Employer' for Purposes of Title VII And the FEHA?
Title VII defines an “employer” as any person engaged in industry affecting commerce who has 15 or more employees for each working day in each of 20 or more calendar weeks in the current or preceding year, and any agent of such person. 42 USC '2000e(b). The FEHA has a broader scope and defines an “employer” as any person regularly employing five or more persons or any person acting as an agent of an employer, directly or indirectly, the state, any political or civil subdivision of the state, and cities. Gov. Code ' 12926(d), 12940(j)(4)(A).
Major Differences In UK, U.S. Copyright Laws
This article highlights how copyright law in the United Kingdom differs from U.S. copyright law, and points out differences that may be crucial to entertainment and media businesses familiar with U.S law that are interested in operating in the United Kingdom or under UK law. The article also briefly addresses contrasts in UK and U.S. trademark law.
Strategy vs. Tactics: Two Sides of a Difficult Coin
With each successive large-scale cyber attack, it is slowly becoming clear that ransomware attacks are targeting the critical infrastructure of the most powerful country on the planet. Understanding the strategy, and tactics of our opponents, as well as the strategy and the tactics we implement as a response are vital to victory.
The Article 8 Opt In
The Article 8 opt-in election adds an additional layer of complexity to the already labyrinthine rules governing perfection of security interests under the UCC. A lender that is unaware of the nuances created by the opt in (may find its security interest vulnerable to being primed by another party that has taken steps to perfect in a superior manner under the circumstances.
Removing Restrictive Covenants In New York
In Rockwell v. Despart, the New York Supreme Court, Third Department, recently revisited a recurring question: When may a landowner seek judicial removal of a covenant restricting use of her land?