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Encroachment and Franchisee Claims of Constructive Termination
“Encroachment” is a term used in the franchise industry to describe sales and revenues being transferred from one location to another because of their proximity. If a new location is established near an existing franchise location, then it is possible that existing sales will be transferred from the old location to the new. Litigants sometimes claim the encroachment is so extensive so as to threaten the viability of the existing location. In these instances, claims have been asserted for constructive termination because the existing location is alleged to no longer be viable. More likely, the claim for constructive termination is not viable.
Measuring Impact
Impact attributed to a neighboring location triggers high emotions. The distance between the locations is one factor, but not the only one, and may ultimately be insignificant. The first rule is that initial impact is not actionable, because it is normal for a new location to attract attention and curiosity. Sustained impacts over months may be actionable, but legal theories to support such claims are thin. Absent a direct breach of a protected area, the franchisor has discretion to locate another location proximate to the complaining location in good faith.
Major Differences In UK, U.S. Copyright Laws
This article highlights how copyright law in the United Kingdom differs from U.S. copyright law, and points out differences that may be crucial to entertainment and media businesses familiar with U.S law that are interested in operating in the United Kingdom or under UK law. The article also briefly addresses contrasts in UK and U.S. trademark law.
The Article 8 Opt In
The Article 8 opt-in election adds an additional layer of complexity to the already labyrinthine rules governing perfection of security interests under the UCC. A lender that is unaware of the nuances created by the opt in (may find its security interest vulnerable to being primed by another party that has taken steps to perfect in a superior manner under the circumstances.
Strategy vs. Tactics: Two Sides of a Difficult Coin
With each successive large-scale cyber attack, it is slowly becoming clear that ransomware attacks are targeting the critical infrastructure of the most powerful country on the planet. Understanding the strategy, and tactics of our opponents, as well as the strategy and the tactics we implement as a response are vital to victory.
Legal Possession: What Does It Mean?
Possession of real property is a matter of physical fact. Having the right or legal entitlement to possession is not "possession," possession is "the fact of having or holding property in one's power." That power means having physical dominion and control over the property.
The Anti-Assignment Override Provisions
UCC Sections 9406(d) and 9408(a) are one of the most powerful, yet least understood, sections of the Uniform Commercial Code. On their face, they appear to override anti-assignment provisions in agreements that would limit the grant of a security interest. But do these sections really work?