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Hidden and Creeping Franchise Fees
Every franchise lawyer knows that one of the conditions for a distribution arrangement to be considered a franchise is that the franchisee is required to pay (whether in cash or other consideration) a “fee” to the franchisor or its affiliate (hereinafter referred to collectively as the “Franchisor”). The term “fee” is broader than it might first appear. Direct fees are easy to spot ' usually, they are represented by cash payment to the franchisor for the right to obtain access to the franchisor's system and trademarks, and may be up-front payments or ongoing royalty payments.
There are some exceptions to this definition. For example, payments for inventory sold to a franchisee at bona fide wholesale prices are not considered fees. Also, in some jurisdictions, there are exemptions for small payments ' typically $500 or less.
There are also what are known as “indirect” payments of fees, which might include required purchases of services from the franchisor, such as training, or inventory payments where the inventory must be purchased from the franchisor at inflated prices, presumably giving the franchisor a higher than market value return on these sales.
Major Differences In UK, U.S. Copyright Laws
This article highlights how copyright law in the United Kingdom differs from U.S. copyright law, and points out differences that may be crucial to entertainment and media businesses familiar with U.S law that are interested in operating in the United Kingdom or under UK law. The article also briefly addresses contrasts in UK and U.S. trademark law.
The Article 8 Opt In
The Article 8 opt-in election adds an additional layer of complexity to the already labyrinthine rules governing perfection of security interests under the UCC. A lender that is unaware of the nuances created by the opt in (may find its security interest vulnerable to being primed by another party that has taken steps to perfect in a superior manner under the circumstances.
Strategy vs. Tactics: Two Sides of a Difficult Coin
With each successive large-scale cyber attack, it is slowly becoming clear that ransomware attacks are targeting the critical infrastructure of the most powerful country on the planet. Understanding the strategy, and tactics of our opponents, as well as the strategy and the tactics we implement as a response are vital to victory.
Legal Possession: What Does It Mean?
Possession of real property is a matter of physical fact. Having the right or legal entitlement to possession is not "possession," possession is "the fact of having or holding property in one's power." That power means having physical dominion and control over the property.
The Anti-Assignment Override Provisions
UCC Sections 9406(d) and 9408(a) are one of the most powerful, yet least understood, sections of the Uniform Commercial Code. On their face, they appear to override anti-assignment provisions in agreements that would limit the grant of a security interest. But do these sections really work?