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General Jurisdiction After <i>Daimler AG v. Bauman</i>
As noted last month, the Supreme Court's recent decision in Daimler AG v. Bauman, 134 S. Ct. 746 (2014), profoundly altered the law of personal jurisdiction when it held that a corporate defendant is subject to general personal jurisdiction (jurisdiction over suits unrelated to the defendant's contacts with the forum) only where the corporation may fairly be “regarded as at home.” This generally means that the company will only be subject to general jurisdiction in its state of incorporation or where it has its principal place of business. Id. at 760-61 & n.19. Thus, it appeared that Daimler did away with the exercise of general jurisdiction based only on a corporation's maintenance of an office in the forum, or the fact that it was “doing business” there. Id. at 761-62 & n.20. But, did it?
'At Home' Jurisdiction Affirmed: Daimler
As discussed in Part One of this article, the U.S. Supreme Court unanimously concluded in Goodyear Dunlop Tires Operations, S.A. v. Brown, 131 S. Ct. 2846 (2011), that “stream of commerce” analysis ' which is typically used as a basis for specific jurisdiction ' was insufficient to support general, “all-purpose” jurisdiction over a suit unrelated to the defendants' forum contacts. Goodyear's formulation of the governing standard strongly suggested that general jurisdiction should not extend beyond a corporate defendant's state of incorporation, principal place of business, and (in limited circumstances) some equivalent forum where a corporation may truly be regarded as “at home.” That sort of narrow standard is inherently inconsistent with a regime, long embraced by lower courts, in which a defendant's nationwide sales can result in the exercise of general jurisdiction in all 50 states.
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