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Making Informed Choices about the Deep, Dark Web

By Mark S. Melodia, Paul Bond and Mark H. Francis
July 01, 2016

A majority of Internet traffic and online data lives beneath the surface of the Web as we know it. In the darkest, hidden recesses of the Internet, individuals engage in illicit activities and cybercrimes, but also in substantial activism, journalism and sensitive communications. Hackers operate anonymously and in great numbers in this environment. In various secretive forums, they discuss techniques, software vulnerabilities and exploits, and tools of the trade. Hackers and other bad actors also offer their services for hire, and operate marketplaces that sell software vulnerabilities, hacking tools, corporate trade secrets, and stolen financial, health care and other sensitive personal information. This environment is also used to host command-and-control servers that direct denial of service (DoS) botnet attacks and communicate with malware residing in corporate networks.

Law enforcement agencies, cybersecurity service providers, and individual companies are more actively operating in this veiled ecosystem to proactively identify specific threats and vulnerabilities, and to search for any indication that organizations' confidential information has been exposed on the Internet. This trend has been prompted, in part, by an increasing push for proactive threat intelligence practices by regulatory agencies.

There is also a growing use of this environment to circumvent increasing surveillance and censorship by governments worldwide, most commonly by human rights activists, whistleblowers, journalists, and businesses with highly-sensitive information.

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