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"Potentially Monumental" Ninth Circuit En Banc Decision in Infringement Case Over Led Zeppelin's "Stairway to Heaven"

By Robert W. Clarida and Robert J. Bernstein
April 01, 2020

For the past five years, the copyright bar and the music industry have carefully followed the many twists and turns of the potentially monumental infringement case that asserted that the opening of the iconic Led Zeppelin song "Stairway to Heaven" was copied from the introduction of a little-known 1967 instrumental "Taurus," written by the late Randy California, the guitarist for the 1960s rock band Spirit.

In March 2020, a unanimous en banc panel of the entire Ninth Circuit affirmed portions of a prior three-judge appellate ruling that "Stairway" did not infringe the Spirit song — and in the process resolved some thorny issues involving substantial similarity and copyright scope that will be important for future litigants, particularly in the Ninth Circuit. Skidmore v. Led Zeppelin, 16-56057 (9th Cir. 2020).

At the same time, Circuit Judge Sandra S. Ikuta issued a forceful partial dissent challenging the trial court's jury instructions on originality, which raises questions about how courts should protect the "selection and arrangement" of non-original elements in a musical composition.

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