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Intellectual PropertyThe Intellectual Property StrategistFeatures

Pleading Importation: ITC Decisions Highlight Need for Adequate Evidentiary Support

By Daniel Muino | Charles Provine
November 01, 2024

Section 337 of the U.S. Tariff Act empowers the International Trade Commission (ITC or Commission) to block the importation into the United States of products that infringe U.S. intellectual property rights, including patents, copyrights, trademarks, and trade secrets. Under the ITC's pleading requirements, a Section 337 complaint filed at the ITC must "[d]escribe specific instances of alleged unlawful importations or sales." 19 CFR §210.12 (a)(3). In the past, the ITC generally instituted investigations without questioning the importation allegations in the complaint. In several recent cases, however, the ITC declined to institute an investigation as to certain proposed respondents due to inadequate pleading of importation. This article surveys those decisions and offers advice for parties filing an ITC complaint and those opposing institution of an investigation with respect to importation allegations.

A well-pled ITC complaint should adequately describe specific instances of importation or sales and provide exhibits supporting those allegations. Typically, importation can be readily established by submitting photographs of the accused products purchased in the United States, clearly showing the labels indicating foreign manufacture (e.g., "Made in China"). Receipts and other documents reflecting the purchase of the products in the U.S. should also be included. For certain products, such as semiconductor chips incorporated into electronic devices, a teardown of the device may be necessary to take photographs of the chips hidden inside.

As the ITC's recent decisions reveal, failure to include such evidence in a complaint can lead to a denial of institution.

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