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The Patent Eligibility Restoration Act (PERA) proposes a solution to a complex debate: What can be patented, and when do nature and thoughts become property? Introduced by Senators Thom Tillis (R-NC) and Chris Coons (D-DE), PERA aims to amend Section 101 of the Patent Act to clarify and restore the criteria for patent subject matter eligibility. This article provides an overview of the PERA bill, examines the current issues with Section 101 of the Patent Act, the specific proposals of PERA, and the existing pros and cons of the bill. Finally, this article will provide a summary of the status of the bill and its prospects for future legislative success.
Section 101 of the United States Patent Act defines patent-eligible subject matter as any “new and useful process, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter.” The interpretation of this section has been significantly influenced by key Supreme Court cases, particularly Mayo Collaborative Services v. Prometheus Laboratories, Inc., 566 U.S. 66 (2012) and Alice Corp. v. CLS Bank International, 573 U.S. 208 (2014). These decisions have established a two-step framework for determining patent eligibility that has been criticized for its lack of clarity and consistency, leading to unpredictable outcomes. Lower courts and the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) have struggled to apply the framework consistently, resulting in significant legal uncertainty.
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