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In mediation, a trained third-party neutral is selected by the parties (or appointed by a tribunal) to assist the parties in resolving their dispute. Mediators may be members of a panel, are associated with a dispute resolution organization, or have a private mediation practice. Mediators serve pursuant to written mediation agreements that provide for confidentiality of the process, and outline the procedure that will be used in the mediation session. The hallmark of mediation is that the mediator meets with both sides, in joint and separate caucuses, and guides the parties through exchange of information and exploration of interests and positions in a confidential setting with the goal of enabling the parties to reach agreement themselves.

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is the major federal anti-discrimination law and prohibits job bias on the basis or race, color, religion, national origin, or sex. The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), which administers Title VII, has issued a policy guidance stating that the statute does not prohibit isolated instances of preferential treatment based on consensual romantic relationships -- "An isolated instance of favoritism to a 'paramour' (or a spouse, or a friend) may be unfair, but it does not discriminate against women or men in violation of Title VII, since both are disadvantaged for reasons other than their genders."

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National rulings of interest to you and your practice.

For nearly 15 years, the Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) has helped clear away barriers to public accommodations, employment, transportation, government services and telecommunications for disabled Americans. This landmark legislation granted long-overdue civil rights protections and equal opportunity guarantees to individuals with disabilities, just as earlier civil rights legislation addressed discrimination based on race, color, sex, national origin, religion or age. While the ADA improved the lives of countless disabled individuals, it also created new challenges for many employers. And as of this summer, some employers will likely face an even tougher, more complex set of ADA accessibility guidelines, the impact of which is only beginning to be understood.

Cellular phone ownership and use is pervasive. More than 70 million Americans reportedly own a cell phone and a high percentage are used for business purposes. Also on the rise are instances of phone use while driving, increasingly blurring the boundary between work and personal time, as people can stay connected professionally during commutes, vacations or other personal pursuits.

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In addition to or in lieu of broad-based tax-qualified retirement plans, employers often provide select executives or groups of executives with nonqualified deferred compensation arrangements. These "arrangements" may be in the form of a plan, a written agreement or even a clause in an employment agreement. Much like a "401(k)" tax-qualified retirement plan, these arrangements typically provide for an advance written election by the executive to defer the receipt of otherwise payable future compensation. However, unlike tax-qualified retirement plans, which by law must generally preclude the distribution of benefits prior to an event such as death, disability, retirement or separation from service with the employer maintaining the plan, many nonqualified deferred compensation arrangements have provided for far greater flexibility as to early access to plan funds. To date, the tax law has permitted nonqualified deferred compensation, along with the attendant deferral of tax revenues for the government, on the theory that it provided a tax-favored mechanism for the accumulation of additional savings for retirement. The implementation of nonqualified deferred compensation arrangements providing for distributions upon certain types of arguably foreseeable "hardships" (eg, to pay for college) or in return for a "haircut" forfeiture, cut against the notion that the revenue deferral effect on the government is outweighed by the benefit of permitting the accumulation of additional retirement funds, as these arrangements provide benefits which may not be used for purposes of retirement.

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