Supreme Court's Denial to Hear Student Debt Discharge Case Leaves Ambiguity

The case centers on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit decision in which a Texas woman was denied discharge of her student loans. The legal standard at issue is the same for all bankrupt student loan borrowers: whether denying discharge imposes "undue hardship" on debtors under 11 U.S.C. 523(a)(8). The meaning and definition of who meets this standard varies from court to court and is subject to restrictions that critics cite as oppressive to borrowers and beyond the intent of Congress. The case of McCoy, for example, turned on whether she had a "total incapacity" to repay her loans. This high bar is not the reality for all student loan debtors, however.

Consider: in the Eighth Circuit (covering Arkansas, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota and South Dakota) and most of the First Circuit (covering Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Puerto Rico), the standard is the "totality of the circumstances." Here, courts ask whether the debtor's "reasonable future financial resources will sufficiently cover payment of the student loan debt while still allowing for a minimal standard of living" by looking at all of the facts and circumstances surrounding an individual debtor.